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Continuity in the Permian Basin

Native Americans and the Permian Basin

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The Permian Basin is the ancestral homeland of nearly 30 Native American tribes who continue to live on the land today. The historical footprints of the Comanche Indian Tribe - Comanche Nation of Oklahoma, the Mescalero Apache Tribe, the Kiowa Tribe, the Tonkawa Tribe of Oklahoma, the Hopi Tribe, the Apache Tribe of Oklahoma, the Jicarilla Apache Nation, the Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas, the Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma, the Seminole Nation of Oklahoma, and the Ysleta del Sur Pueblo overlap or are adjacent to the archaeological sites investigated as part of this project. Their histories and perspectives are vital to interpreting the past.

The Comanche Indian Tribe – Comanche Nation of Oklahoma refer to themselves in their native language as “Nʉmʉnʉʉ” (NUH-MUH-NUH), which means “The People.” Once part of the Shoshone Tribe, they broke off and migrated south throughout the Great Plains before settling in southwestern Oklahoma. You can learn more about their culture here.

The Mescalero Apache Tribe are a traditionally Athabaskan-speaking people. The Mescalero were nomadic hunters and warriors who traveled throughout the southwestern United States as well as parts of Mexico. Today, the Mescalero Apache Tribe is made up of three sub-tribes—Mescalero, Lipan, and Chiricahua. You can learn more about their culture here.

The Kiowa Tribe are a traditionally Uto-Aztekan-speaking people. According to their stories, they originated close to the heads of the Yellowstone and Missouri rivers before they were pushed south by the Dakota and the Cheyenne in the 18thcentury. You can learn more about their culture here.

The Tonkawa Tribe of Oklahoma refer to themselves as “Tickanwa-tic,” which means “real people.” They traditionally speak a language that is part of the Tonkawan linguistic family. You can learn more about their culture here.

The Hopi Tribe are a traditionally Uto-Aztekan-speaking people whose territory spanned the modern-day Four Corners region of the United states, comprising parts of Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, and Colorado. You can learn more about their culture here.

The Apache Tribe of Oklahoma are a traditionally Athabaskan-speaking people who migrated from their homelands in western Canada arriving in the southwestern United States by the 15th century. They are known historically as the “Ka-ta-kas” and later as the Kiowa Apaches. You can learn more about their culture here.

The Jicarilla Apache Nation are a traditionally Athabaskan-speaking people whose territory stretched from modern-day Colorado and New Mexico to Kansas and northwestern Texas.

The Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas are a traditionally Algonquian-speaking people. They lived around Lake Michigan and Lake Eric before migrating south and eventually splintering into separate tribes. Formerly known as the Texas Band of Traditional Kickapoo, they have settled in modern-day Texas. You can learn more about their culture here.

The Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma are a traditionally Algonquian-speaking people. They lived around Lake Michigan and Lake Eric before migrating south and eventually splintering into separate tribes. They are currently headquartered in modern-day Oklahoma. You can learn more about their culture here.

The Seminole Nation of Oklahoma are a traditionally Muskhogean-speaking people. They are the largest of three federally recognized Seminole governments. You can learn more about their culture here.

The Ysleta del Sur Pueblo traditionally spoke Tiwa, which is a Pueblo language. They are originally from the Rio Grande region in modern-day New Mexico. You can learn about their culture here.